What is the goal of intention-to-treat analysis?

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Multiple Choice

What is the goal of intention-to-treat analysis?

Explanation:
Intention-to-treat analysis aims to preserve the balance created by randomization by analyzing each participant in the group they were randomly assigned to, regardless of whether they actually followed the assigned treatment or completed all follow-up. This keeps known and unknown confounders balanced between groups and provides an estimate of real-world effectiveness, not just efficacy under perfect adherence. Excluding non-adherent participants, focusing only on those who fully adhered, or using complete-case data would break the randomization and introduce bias, producing results that may not reflect what would happen in typical practice.

Intention-to-treat analysis aims to preserve the balance created by randomization by analyzing each participant in the group they were randomly assigned to, regardless of whether they actually followed the assigned treatment or completed all follow-up. This keeps known and unknown confounders balanced between groups and provides an estimate of real-world effectiveness, not just efficacy under perfect adherence. Excluding non-adherent participants, focusing only on those who fully adhered, or using complete-case data would break the randomization and introduce bias, producing results that may not reflect what would happen in typical practice.

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